its hosts, most notably in making rodents reckless around housecats. Toxoplasma…

題目

its hosts, most notably in making rodents reckless around housecats. Toxoplasma can only reproduce in the intestines of domestic or wild cats, yet it is widespread in nature, and caninfect any warm-blooded animal.41 A. transplant B. manipulate C. demobilize D. impoverishSoon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write afterit was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted asnews articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticismof the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaperand easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized,real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say,smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-pastejobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it.Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper onlineforums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT isfar more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing,clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduceda new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conductresearch.OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voicedtheir concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuitof monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines andhumans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainersand feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informedresponses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attemptto influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violenceor sex.

官方答案

• 答案：B. manipulate

解析

manipulate 意為「操控」，與後半句 making rodents reckless around housecats（使老鼠在貓面前失去警覺）相呼應，指弓漿蟲操縱宿主行為以利自身傳播。transplant 為移植、demobilize 為遣散、impoverish 為使貧困，三者均無法表達「改變宿主行為」之意，帶入句中皆不通。故選 B。

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