英譯中：請將下段英文譯成正確、流暢的中文（20 分）
Governments, particularly in large democracies, often suffer from institutional
inertia, fragmented communication, and overlapping responsibilities. A
centralized efficiency department could systematically audit agencies,
implement data-driven reforms, and introduce digital tools to reduce
paperwork and improve service delivery. By fostering interdepartmental
coordination and leveraging artificial intelligence, this department could
help ensure that taxpayer money is utilized optimally.
三、【譯註：句法】首句以「受制於」統攝三項負面特質，保留原文並列結構；第二句把「audit、implement、introduce」處理為「稽核、推動、導入」三個動詞，並以「以……」表明目的；第三句將「By fostering... and leveraging...」轉為「透過……及……」的手段句，符合中文先手段後目的的表達習慣。
四、【譯註：語域】本段屬公共行政與政策論述，宜採正式、客觀的書面語。「centralized efficiency department」譯為「集中化的效率部門」，避免直譯為「中央效率部」而與既有機關混淆；「service delivery」採「公共服務遞送」；「taxpayer money is utilized optimally」譯為「納稅人的資金獲得最妥適運用」，兼顧忠實與流暢。
一、【參考譯文】Boeing was once a model of American aeronautical engineering, but in recent years it has become a symbol of corporate mismanagement and the risks of lax regulation. The crisis began with two fatal 737 MAX crashes—one in Indonesia in 2018 and the other in Ethiopia in 2019—which claimed 346 lives. Investigations indicated that the primary cause was a flawed automatic flight control system known as MCAS. More shockingly, Boeing failed to adequately disclose the system's risks to pilots and regulators.
二、【參考譯文】Subsequent investigations revealed that Boeing's corporate culture placed excessive emphasis on bringing products to market quickly and on shareholder interests, at the expense of engineering quality and safety standards. More seriously, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) relied heavily on Boeing's self-certification during the aircraft approval process, prompting deep concerns about whether the regulator had succumbed to industry pressure and lost its independence.
三、【翻譯說明：詞彙】「典範」譯為 a model，亦可作 a paragon；「企業管理失當」譯 corporate mismanagement；「監管鬆散」譯 lax regulation 或 lax oversight。MCAS 為 Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System 的縮寫，考場上保留縮寫即可；若顧及讀者，可於首次出現時加註全稱。
四、【翻譯說明：句法】「更令人震驚的是」以 More shockingly 承接，保留遞進；「更嚴重的是」譯 More seriously，避免重複。「未能適當揭露」譯 failed to adequately disclose，較 did not properly reveal 正式；「引發深切質疑」譯 prompting deep concerns，並以 whether 子句保留原文的不確定語氣。
一、【電子郵件】Subject: Invitation to Establish an OpenAI Office in Taiwan. Dear OpenAI Team, I am writing to invite OpenAI to open an office in Taiwan next year. According to OpenAI, South Korea has the second-largest number of ChatGPT paid subscribers after the United States, and the company plans to open its first office in Seoul. This success reflects strong demand for AI services in East Asia. Taiwan offers a highly educated, multilingual workforce, world-class semiconductor and ICT industries, and a vibrant startup ecosystem. Its location enhances its appeal as a regional hub. These strengths make Taiwan an ideal base for OpenAI to expand operations, collaborate with local partners, and develop AI solutions for Traditional Chinese-speaking users. We would be delighted to discuss how Taiwan can support OpenAI's growth and explore partnership opportunities. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, [Name], [Title], [Organization].
三、【格式與語氣】正式商務邀請信宜包含主旨、稱謂、目的句、背景說明、具體理由、行動呼籲與結尾敬語。使用 I am writing to invite...、We would be delighted to...、I look forward to hearing from you. 等句型，並以 would、could 等情態動詞維持禮貌；避免使用命令句。
四、【用字提醒】「設立辦公室」用 establish 或 open an office；「在地法人」可譯 local subsidiary 或 local legal entity；「付費用戶」為 paid subscribers；「資通訊產業」為 ICT industry；「新創生態系」為 startup ecosystem。若已知對方聯絡人姓名，應以 Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname] 取代 Dear OpenAI Team，以提升專屬感。
英文作文：請根據說明寫一篇約300 字的英文作文（40 分）
Background:
In many developed and developing countries, life expectancy is increasing
while birth rates are declining. This demographic shift means a growing
percentage of the population is over the age of 65, while the working-age
population is shrinking. As a result, fewer workers are supporting more
retirees through taxes, pensions, and healthcare systems.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Governments should
raise the retirement age to address the economic challenges of an aging
population. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
參考解答（AI 生成，非官方）
一、Governments should raise the retirement age to address the economic challenges of an aging population. I largely agree with this statement, because longer working lives can ease fiscal pressure and labor shortages. However, the policy must be gradual, fair, and accompanied by measures that protect vulnerable workers. A blanket increase without such safeguards would be neither economically effective nor socially acceptable.
二、First, a higher retirement age strengthens public finances. As life expectancy rises and birth rates fall, fewer workers support more retirees through payroll taxes, pensions, and healthcare. Pay-as-you-go systems therefore face chronic deficits. If people work longer, they contribute for more years and draw pensions for fewer years. Germany, for instance, has phased in a retirement age of 67, while the United Kingdom has linked its pension age to life expectancy. These reforms ease fiscal pressure without abruptly cutting benefits, giving households time to adjust.
三、Second, longer working lives help alleviate labor shortages. Many economies lack workers in healthcare, manufacturing, and skilled trades. Retaining experienced employees preserves institutional knowledge and raises output. Japan and Singapore have promoted re-employment and flexible arrangements for older workers, demonstrating that gradual extensions can succeed. Nevertheless, governments must protect people in physically demanding jobs through early-retirement exceptions, partial pensions, and retraining. Otherwise, the policy would unfairly burden low-income workers and those with health problems.
四、Admittedly, raising the retirement age is not a cure-all. It may delay promotion for younger workers and is unpopular among those nearing retirement. It should therefore be combined with productivity growth, immigration, private savings, and accessible healthcare. If phased in fairly and supported by robust social protection, however, it is a responsible and necessary response to demographic change. Ultimately, the alternative—abrupt benefit cuts or unsustainable public debt—would be far worse.