英譯中：（35分） Capital punishment (death penalty) is the premeditated and planned tak…

題目

英譯中：（35分） Capital punishment (death penalty) is the premeditated and planned taking of a human life by a government in response to a crime committed by that legally convicted person. In the past, capital punishment has been practiced by most societies, although currently only 58 nations actively practice it, with 96 countries having abolished it. Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the world’s population lives in countries where executions take place. This is because the People’s Republic of China, India, the United States of America, and Indonesia, which are the four most populous countries in the world, continue to apply the death penalty. Many believe that the death penalty should be abolished for several reasons. Firstly, the death penalty is very expensive to maintain. Most people do not realize that carrying out one death sentence costs 2-5 times more than keeping that same criminal in prison for the rest of his or her life. This expense comes as a result of the seemingly endless appeals, additional required procedures, and legal wrangling involved in the judicial process. Secondly, the death penalty clogs up the court system. The U.S. court system goes to enormous lengths before allowing a death sentence to be carried out. All the necessary appeals, motions, hearings, and briefs monopolize much of the time of judges, attorneys, and other court employees as well as use up courtrooms and facilities. Third, the death penalty is an ineffective deterrent to violent crime. Life in prison is a far more effective deterrent than the death penalty, which, in some cases, actually represents an act of clemency for the criminal. With a death sentence, the suffering is over in an instant. With life in prison, however, the pain goes on for decades. Prisoners are confined to a cage, living in an environment of rape and violence where they are treated as animals.

參考解答（AI 生成，非官方）

• 死刑（capital punishment，又稱 death penalty）是指政府針對經合法定罪者所犯的罪行，蓄意且有計畫地剝奪其生命。過去，多數社會都曾施行死刑；時至今日，僅有58個國家仍實際執行死刑，另有96個國家已廢除死刑。
• 儘管許多國家已廢除死刑，全球仍有超過六成人口居住在會執行死刑的國家。這是因為中華人民共和國、印度、美國與印尼這四個世界上人口最多的國家，仍繼續適用死刑。
• 許多人認為，基於若干理由，死刑應該廢除。第一，維持死刑的成本非常高昂。大多數人並未意識到，執行一件死刑判決的成本，是將同一名罪犯終身監禁至死的二至五倍。這項支出源自司法過程中看似永無止境的上訴、額外規定的程序以及法律上的爭訟。第二，死刑使法院系統不堪負荷。美國法院在准許執行死刑之前，往往大費周章、層層把關。所有必要的上訴、聲請、庭審與書狀，占用了法官、律師及其他法院人員的大量時間，也耗盡了法庭與相關設施。
• 第三，死刑對暴力犯罪並非有效的嚇阻手段。終身監禁的嚇阻效果遠比死刑強大；在某些情況下，死刑反而形同對罪犯的寬赦。判處死刑，痛苦在瞬間結束；判處終身監禁，痛苦卻延續數十年。囚犯被關在牢籠裡，生活在強暴與暴力橫行的環境中，被當成動物一般對待。

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官方資料

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