民國105年 第1梯次 20000 國貿業務乙級 術科考古題與答案

民國105年 第1梯次 20000 國貿業務乙級 術科歷屆試題與官方答案與參考解答,共 4 題可線上瀏覽,適合查詢考古題、題庫與解答。

題目與答案

第1題

一、貿易函電與簽約 (本題共2 大題,合計 30分) (一) 請將下列短文譯成英文 (本題共3 小題,合計 15分) 1. 因破損是在貨物送達貴公司倉庫後發生,對於賠償本公司恐怕愛莫能 助。(5分) 2. 謝謝您對 Apex 601 型的數位相機威興趣,該相機是目前本公司最受 歡迎也最暢銷的產品。(4分) 3. 我們要求以空運方式運送,運費差額由我方支付。貨款將以銀行轉帳 方式給付。( 6分) (=) 貿易信函: 請根據以下所述情境,以英文寫一封信。 (本題 1分) 貴公司剛剛推出最新開發、專門為戶外活動人士設計的機能型運動衣 Coolwear。請寫信給 Lambert 女士推銷此一最新產品。 Lambert 曾向貴公司訂購大量的瑜珈服,因此你覺得她會對此新產品威 興趣。請強調 Coolwear 所使用的布料可以將熱反射出去,在太陽底下保 持涼爽。這款運動衣輕盈、舒適又時尚 ; 在慢跑或跑腿辦雜事的同時依然 可以看起來很時髦。請附上此先進產品的詳細說明書,並表示期盼接到比 去年更大的訂單。 20000-105201 國貿業

參考解答

  • 短文英譯 1:As the damage occurred after the goods had been delivered to your warehouse, we are afraid that we cannot help you with compensation.
  • 短文英譯 2:Thank you for your interest in our Apex 601 digital camera, which is currently one of our most popular and best-selling products.
  • 短文英譯 3:We request shipment by air, and we will pay the difference in freight. Payment will be made by bank transfer.
  • 貿易信函 Subject:Product Introduction
  • 貿易信函稱呼:Dear Lambert,
  • 貿易信函第1段:We are pleased to introduce our products and enclose our catalogue or detailed information for your reference.
  • 貿易信函第2段:Our products have the features described in the question, including quality materials, durability, functionality, attractive design and reliable service.
  • 貿易信函第3段:We are confident that these products will help your business and look forward to receiving your order or further inquiry.
  • 貿易信函結尾:Yours faithfully,

第2題

二、進出口價格核算 (本題共 3大題,合計 1054) 請根據下列資料,分別計算空運運費、出口還價及進口稅費等各項問題 , 並將正確答案填入答案紙。 (一) 空運運費 (3分) 某出口商空運一箱貨物至加拿大多倫多(Toronto),相關資料如下: Gross Weight : 350 kgs ; Measurement : 48”*48”"x52” 經詢問空運公司之 GCR 費率表如下 : Currency: NTD [Min | -48KGM_ | -45KGM_| +100KGM | +800KGM | +500 KGM | 請依上述條件進行核算 : @該箱貨物應付之空運運費三NTD = (=) 出口還價 (3分) 假設台灣出口商某項產品之出口報價計算方式如下: (USD1= NTD33) CIF=工廠價格 NTD330+海運費 USD0.50+保險費(1.1x1.25%)+業務費 4%+利潤 10% = USD [ (330+33)+0.50 ) + ( 1-(1.1x1.25%) ] + (1- 4%) = (1-10%) = USD12.32 @若客戶還價 UsD11.70,在其他外在條件不變之情況下,出口商的利潤率 將降為多少 ? % (計算至小數點第二位,四捨五入取一位) 貿業務乙級試題 6-1 (=) 進口稅費 (每小題2分,合計4分) 某進口商從泰國進口一批鑄造配件,其申報進口價格為 FOB USD45,000.00 、 Ocean Freight USD200.00 、 Insurance Premium USD45.00 ; 經查關務署報關適用外幣匯率其「買入」匯率為 USD1= NTD32.780;「賣出」匯率為 USD1=NTD32.880,進口關稅率為7.5%。 @進局關稅=NTD @營業稅=NTD 20000-105201 國貿

參考解答

  • 核算參考:本題需依題目給定的單價、重量/材積、匯率、稅率、保險費率與費率級距逐項代入;請以題目要求的小數位或元以下處理方式填答。

第3題

三、貿易單據審改 (本題共 10 小題,每小題 3分,合計 30 分) 請根據所附之信用狀內容,審核匯票、商業發栗、裝箱單、提單、及保險 | 單之編號0@G@...內容,並將錯誤之編號及正確答案依序寫在答案紙。 | (每題錯誤編號 1 分及正確答案 2分) ok eo oe eo oo oe ok ko ok ook ok oo ok ok oo RG RR RR SEND BY : KRTHTHBKAX00 | MESSAGE TYPE _:700 ISSUE OF ADOCUMENTARY CREDIT | SEND TO : MBBITWIPXX00 OUTPUTDATE — : 150720 PRIORITY : NORMAL oR eo oe ee ie ae ke ae ke oe kee ee ee eo ek kee 2 ee eo ee 2 eo eo eo a 2 OR OR RE 27 SEQUENCE OF TOTAL 1/1 | 40A FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT | IRREVOCABLE | 20 DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER i 85811L15004985 i 31C DATE OF ISSUE | 150720 | 31D_DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY | 151113 TAIWAN | 40E APPLICABLE RULES UCP LATEST VERSION 50 APPLICANT | K.C. INDUSTRY CO., LTD. | 300 SUKHUMVIT RD., KLONCTOEY NUA, WATTANA, BANGKOK, THAILAND | 59 BENEFICIARY | TAKA COMPANY LIMITED FL. 6, NO. 150, SEC. 3, WENSING RD., TAICHUNG, TAIWAN 32B CURRENCY CODE/AMOUNT USD60,545.00 41D AVAILABLE WITH.....BY..... ANY BANK BY NEGOTIATION 42C DRAFTSAT..... 30 DAYS AFTER THE BILL OF LADING DATE 42D DRAWEE US(SWIFT ADDRESS: KRTHTHBKAX00) 國貿業務乙級試題 6-2 43P PARTIAL SHIPMENTS NOT ALLOWED 43T TRANSHIPMENT NOT ALLOWED 44E PORT OF LOADING /AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE KAOHSIUNG, TAIWAN 44F PORT OF DISCHARGE /AIRPORT OF DESTINATION BANGKOK, THAILAND 44C LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT 151030 45A DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/OR SERVICES CNC TEACH LATHE COMPLETE WITH STANDARD FEATURES AND ACCESSORIES AS PER CONTRACT NO. TA-150716 CIF BANGKOK INCOTERMS 2010 SHIPPING MARK: K.C. (IN DIA) 46A DOCUMENTS REQUIRED: 1. SIGNED INVOICE IN 4 COPIES INDICATING THE CONTRACT NO. 2. FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER OF ISSUING BANK MARKED “FREIGHT PREPAID” NOTIFYING APPLICANT. 3. MARINE INSURANCE POLICIES OR CERTIFICATES IN DUPLICATE ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT STATING CLAIMS IN THAILAND COVERING INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES (A) AND INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSE (CARGO). 4. PACKING LIST IN 3 COPIES. 5. BENEFICIARY'S CERTIFICATE CERTIFYING THAT ONE SET OF NON-NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS HAS BEEN SENT TO THE APPLICANT BY COURIER WITHIN 5 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT. 47A ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS 1, INVOICE SHOULD BE DATED ON OR BEFORE THE DATE OF TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS. 2. DOCUMENTS MUST NOT BE DATED PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE DATE OF THIS CREDIT. 3. DRAFTS DRAWN HEREUNDER MUST BEAR OUR NAME, THE CREDIT NO. AND DATE. 4, ALL DOCUMENTS MUST BEAR THIS CREDIT NUMBER. 5. THIRD PARTY DOCUMENTS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE. 71B CHARGES ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE THAILAND INCLUDING CABLE CHARGES, DISCREPANCY FEE ARE FOR ACCOUNT OF THE BENEFICIARY. 20000-105201 國貿 | 48 PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION | DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN 14 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THIS CREDIT. 49 CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONS WITHOUT 78 INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PAYING/ACCEPTING/NEGOTIATING BANK | 1.AFTER RECEIPT OF DOCUMENTS AT OUR COUNTER IN COMPLIANCE WITH | ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS CREDIT, WE SHALL REMIT THE PROCEEDS ACCORDING TO YOUR INSTRUCTIONS. 2. ALL DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE DESPATCHED TO US (KRUNG THAI BANK | PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED) AT 90 SUKHUMVIT RD., KLONCTOEY NUA, | WATTANA, BANGKOK 10110, THAILAND IN ONE LOT BY COURIER | SERVICE/REGISTERED AIRMAIL | (Mee ee ee ae ee ee ee eo a a oe Re ee oe eo ae oe eo oe ok oe oe eo oe eo oo oo a eo eo oo oo ok ok Bill of Exchange | Draft No. __TK-007161 | Exchange for __USD60,545.00 © Taipei, Taiwan SEPT. 25, 2015 2) At _30DAYSDATE __ Sight of this FIRST of Exchange (Second unpaid) Pay to the order of BANK OF TAIWAN The sum of _U.S. DOLLARS SIXTY THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FORTY FIVE ONLY © Drawn under Letter of Credit No. __8581IL 15004985 @ Dated JULY 20, 2015 | Issued by _KRUNG THAI BANK PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED © To MBBITWTPXx00 © | @ TAKACOMPANYLIMITED BRUCE LEE ABZ RE 6-3 TAKA COMPANY LIMITED Fl. 6, No. 150, Sec. 3, Wensing Rd. Taichung, Taiwan PROFORMA INVOICE ® No. TK-007161 Date: __SEPT. 21.2015 INVOICE of 1 SET OF CNC TEACH LATHE For account and risk of Messrs. K.C. INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 300 SUKHUMVIT RD., KLONCTOEY NUA, WATTANA, BANGKOK, THAILAND Sailing on or about 文 Shipped per _S.S. RDO CONCERT_Y 1507_@ Shipment From “KEELUNG TAIWAN © To 文 Marks & Nos. Description of Goods Amount ® CNC TEACH LATHE @ ® CIFBANGKOK KC. COMPLETE WITH QNDIA) STANDARD FEATURES BANGKOK AND AGGESEORTERTAS 1SET | USD60,545.00 | USD60,545.00 PINO.:1 PER CONTRACT NO. ya MADE IN TAIWAN | TA-150716 ® SAY|U.S. DOLLARS SIXTY THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FORTY FIVE ONLY DRAWN UNDER L/C NO. 858111/15004985 DATED JULY 20, 2015 TAKA COMPANY LIMITED PAMES Wu 20000-105201 國貿 # | TAKA COMPANY LIMITED | FI. 6, No. 150, Sec. 3, Wensing Rd. | Taichung, Taiwan | PACKING AND WEIGHT LIST @ No. TK-007161 Date: 文 PACKINGLISTof_1SETOFCNCTEACHLAIHE MARKS & NOS. For account and risk of Messrs x 文 Shipped Per S.S. 文 Sailing on or about SEPT. 23, 2015 Shipment From x To | BANGKOK,THAILAND @ Packing No. Measurement | 1 CNC TEACH LATHE @® 1 SET 4,000.00 KGS /4,300.00 KGS 文 IPIT ISET 4,000.00 KGS |4,300.00 KGS 文 VVVVYY vvvYvvvYvvvyvvy lyvvvvvvvvvvv | vvvvvvvvvv YYYvYv @ SAY TOTAL ONE (1) CARTON ONLY. DRAWN UNDER L/C NO. 85811L15004985 DATED JULY 20, 2015 @ TAKA COMPANY LIMITED MES Wu 國貿業務乙級試題 6-4 BLNo. TARA COMPANY LIMITED ® eerest5e789 萬海航運股份有限公司 egss WAN HAI LINES LTD. TO ORDER OF ISSUING BANK @ BILL OF LADING RECEIVED by the carrier from the shipper in apparent good order and —_-—e— rer CONMitiON unless Otherwise indicated herein, the Goods, or the container(s) Notify party or package(s) said to contain the cargo herein mentioned, to be carried ee Bi riamed herein or any substitute atthe K.C. INDUSTRY CO LID. 全 Carrier’s opinion and / or other means of transport, ‘om the place of 300 SUKHUMVIT RD., KLONCTOEY NUA Saver Shown hsm and tie ee “ a “ 7 ist WATTANA, BANGKOK, THAILAND surrendered tn exchange forthe Goods or dstvery order, In accepting this Bill of Lading, the Merchant agrees to be bound py all the stipulations, exceptions, terms and conditions on the face and back hereof, whether written, typed, stamped or printed, as fully as if signed by the Merchant, any local custom or privilege to the contrary notwithstanding, and agrees that all agreements or freight engagements for and in 品 with the carriage of the Goods are superseded by this Bill of TT TTF I wit yh the undersi; behalf of Wan Hai Lines, Ltd. the Ocean Vessel Voy. No. Port of Loading ee aes Sf the Vel hos sige the number of Bilis) of 2 @ Lading cared maces Doo hr date, one of which being AIW ished,the others to stand void. RDO CONCERT 1507 KAOHSIUNG aN — (Terms of Bill of Lading continued on the back hereof) FORWARDING AGENT REFERENCES (COMPLETE NAME AND ADRESS) Port of Discharge Place of Delivery Final destination (for the Merchant reference) BANGKOK, THAILAND x Container No. [Marks & [Number of 上Kind of packages; Description of goods Gross weight JMeasurement [Numbers containers or Kgs M packages CNC TEACHLATHE COMPLETE WITH 8 STANDARD FEATURES 文文 ICTNR AND ACCESSORIES 4,000.00 文 @ “FREIGHT PREPAID” @ SAID TO CONTAIN 人 SAY TOTAL ONE (1) CONTAINER ONLY L/C NO. 85811L 15004985 Freight & Charges Weight |Rate Prepaid. Collect ‘Measurement AS ARRANGED Freight prepaid at [Freight payable at Place and date of issue [___ Service | Type of KAOHSIUNG DELY | Goods SEPT. 23, 2015 1.CY 1.CY 1.0RD 2.eFs |2.688 2.REEF |EX. Rate No. of original B/L spoor|speor hpANo THREE (3) |WAN HAILINES LTD. WH Date Laden on board the vessel By BL | sEpr. 23, 2015 Signature AS CARRIER 20000-105201 Bae: 富邦產物保險股份有限公司 Fubon Insurance Co., Ltd. | 財政部核發營業執照號碼: SF HF 028 號 | HEAD OFFICE: 237 CHIEN KUO SOUTH ROAD SEC.1, TAIPEI, TAIWAN, R.O.C. | TELEPHONE: 90202706-7890 FAX: (02)2704-2915 MARINE CARGO POLICY ORIGINAL POLICY NO.25A3M-0005555 ASSURED CLAIM, IF ANY, PAYABLE AT/IN TAKA COMPANY LIMITED 6 TAIWAN INU.S. DOLLARS @ CLAIM AGENT: INVOICE NO. TK-007161 L/C NO. 85811L15004985 NEAREST LLOYD'S AGENT AMOUNT INSURED USD66,600.00 6) WHEN PRESENTING CLAIM ALL SAY U.S. DOLLARS SIXTY SIX THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED ONLY OF THE CONCERNED DOCUMENTS SHOULD BE SEES WRITTEN IN OR TRANSLATED RDO CONCERT V. 1507 SAILING ON/OR ABOUT SEPT. 23, 2015 @ INTO ENGLISH. FROM KAOHSIUNG TO BANGKOK SUBJECT-MATTER INSURED (WARRANTED ALL BRAND-NEW UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 1 SET OF CNC TEACH LATHE COMPLETE WITH STANDARD FEATURES AND ACCESSORIES CONDITIONS I SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING CLAUSES AS ATTACHED HERETO | Institute Radioactive Contamination Exclusion Clause | Computer Millennium Clause (cargo) | -With Named Peril Extension (JC 98/024) | Termination of Transit Clause (Terrorism) { Institute Classification Clause | Cargo ISM Endorsement | INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES (A) | INSTITUTE STRIKES CLAUSES (CARGO) 63) | Marks and Numbers as per INVOICE NO. specified above. Valued at the same AMOUNT INSURED | SIGNED IN TAIPEI ON SEPT. 23,2015 @ NUMBERS OF POLICES ISSUED IN DUPLICATE INSTITUTE REPLACEMENT CLAUSE(APPLYING This insurance does not cover any loss or damage to the TO MACHINERY). In the event of loss of or damage to property which at the time of the happening of such loss or any part or parts of an insured machine caused by a damage is insured by or would but for the existence of the he sum recoverable shall Policy be insured by any fire or other insurance policy or not exceed the cost of replacement or repair of such am 和 + policies except in respect of any excess beyond the amount part or parts plus charges for forwarding and refitting, if ‘~~ incurred, but excluding duty unless the full duty is which would have been payable under the fire or other included in the amount insured, in which case loss, if insurance policy or policies had this insurance not been | any, sustained by payment of additional duty shall also effected. | be recoverable. ‘Notwithstanding anything contained herein or attached hereto to the country. This CO-INSURANCE CLAUSE insurance is understood and agreed to be subject to English law and practice only as to (applicable in case of Co-Insurance) liability for and settlement of any and all claims, It is hereby understood and agreed that the Policy is issued by FUBON We, FUBON INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED, hereby agree in consideration of the | INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED, on behalf of the co-insurance who, —_ payment to us by or on behalf of the Assured of the Premium as arranged to insure | liable fir feet Tespective subscription specified in Bis Policy. -一 ‘against loss damage liability or expense to the extent and in the manner herein provided. Inwitness whereof, the undersigned of FUBON INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED, shipment. - - - lon behalf of the said Company have subscribed My Name in the place specified as ia the event of loss or damage which may involve a clailt wasiaiog above to the policies, the issued numbers thereof being specified as above, of the same insurance, no claim shall be paid unless immediate notice of such loss or . . . damage has been given to and a Survey Report obtained from this {tenor and date, one of which being accomplished, the others to be void, as of the date |Company’s Office or Agents specified in this Policy. specified as above. lin case of loss or damage, please refer to the ‘IMPORTANT clause printed |For FUBON INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED lon the attached hereto and please observe in compliance therewith. INot Valid unless countersigned by President A CRB 6-5

第4題

四、貿易個案分析 (本題共 3 A> At 30 分) 請回答下列各問題,並將適當答案寫在答案紙。 (一)英屬維京群島商 SHANDONG CO., LTD 透過其在台灣的代理商廣旭公司出 售型號 REL-5411 奶精粉 150 公噸給台灣的飛輪公司,合約中載明賣方為英 屬維京群島商 SHANDONG CO., LTD,買方為飛輪公司,廣旭公司為賣方 之代理商。 提貨後飛輪公司將該批奶精粉用於生產食品。諜數月後爆發毒奶粉事件, REL-5411 奶精粉經檢驗出含有「三聚毛胺」成份,致使飛輪公司該批食品 無法販售,依法必須下架回收並銷毀,造成飛輪公司遭受重大損失。飛輪公 司遂向廣旭公司提出損害賠償之要求。但廣旭公司聲稱 ,該批奶精粉之賣方 為英屬維京群島商 SHANDONG CO., LTD,飛輪公司應向英屬維京群島商 SHANDONG CO., LTD 索賠。而廣旭公司只是該筆交易之代理商並非買賣 當事人,因此拒絕賠償。 請依英屬維京群島商 SHANDONG CO., LTD 是否為我國政府認許之外國法 人,分別說明廣旭公司的主張是否有理。(10 分) (二)某台灣出口商與一菲律賓客戶按 CIF MANILA 成交餅乾一批,由於餅乾的有 效期限將屆,所以台灣出口商降價求售,並將此一事實在 e-mail 當中告知菲 律賓進口商,唯未將此一說明註記於售貨確認書中。不料菲律賓商於提貨後 3個月來電告知其英國的買主發現餅乾運抵英國港口時都變質了,他認為台 商未將「餅乾的有效期限將屆」此事實註記於售貨確認書中,所以主張契約 是無效的,揚言退貨並要求損害賠償。 請問: 1.就契約有效性而言,菲律賓商的主張有理嗎? (2分)為什麼? (3分) 2.就損害賠償而言,台灣出口商如何反駁菲律賓商的主張 ?請提出兩點理由 說明。(5分) 20000-105201 國貿 (三)霏霏公司從國外進口精密儀器零件,裝卸作業方式為FCL/FCL, 貿易條件 為CFR,因此霏霏公司向保險公司辦理投保手續,保險條款為ICC(B),保 險區間為 seller's warehouse to buyer’s warehouse 。當貨櫃運抵公司後其 封條完整,但卸貨完畢清點件數時赫然發現實際箱數與提單記載不符,短少 30 箱。業務人員隨即向保險公司告知此事言明將依程序請求理賠,然而保 險公司回覆無法賠償。同時業務人員也和承運的船公司聯絡,針對短少部份 | 了盼能獲得賠償,結果船公司回覆也是無法理賠。 | 請問: 依本案例短少情形 | 1.保險公司拒絕理賠是否合理? (2 分) 請說明理由。(3分) 2.承運的船公司拒絕理賠是否合理? (2 分) 請說明理由。(3分) | 還貿業務乙級試題 6-6 | 初複 閱閱 總總 還自 oe ee sm FCT RE RE Bd BS SSR 2 : 初 x 說 ; 一、貿易函電與簽約 (本題共2大題,合計 30分) ; (一) 請將下列短文譯成英文(本題共 3小題,合計 15分) 2 | 1. 因破損是在貨物送達貴公司倉庫後發生,對於賠償本公司恐怕愛 相莫能助。 (5分) 區 : 2. 謝謝您對 Apex 601 型的數位相機咸興趣,該相機是目前本公司最 同受歡迎也最暢銷的產品。(4分) ie 。| i #1 副| , Re sey ; ae Bel He : Ble 3. 我們要求以空運方式運送,運費差額由我方支付。貨款將以銀行 pa 轉帳方式給付。 (6分) MES. A meses | xEBRES ; ceeee oN ex) | Hp<) ef 3 MBH | HBSS) | 1 ome t 20000-105201 國貿業 了 口缺考口違規 | (=) 貿易信函 (本題 15分) 最 ISTE RE 3-1 初複 Bal Bal , 二、進出口價格核算 (本題共 3大題, 合計 103) ; (請依核算要求填人答案即可,。不需寫出計算過程) x i | 計算至小數點第二位,四捨五 @ 入取一位 in 區ja圖 a S | ea: ; 三、貿易單據審改(本題共 10 小題,每小題3分,合計30分) me | ae ESTE |i (AERLGERRIREE 1 分及正確答案 2分) 汪主同 aa | 題號| 錯誤編號正確答案 ! 1 20000-10520]1 | | | 15201 國貿業務乙級答案紙 3-2 Al 四、貿易個案分析 (本題共 3 大題,合計 3053) ia ia =) 讓 : = | 如 | es . |: a el, © = im | 如 te 4 # ot |i 買名| oN | KES iY : BETS |! KSEE ! KKRER : meen | @ aR KC |「, gS" s ' geen |! MMM H ee | | lime | 20000-10520: WDA yp

參考解答

  • ① 若 SHANDONG 為我國認許之外國法人且廣旭明示代理,買賣當事人為 SHANDONG 與飛輪,廣旭原則上可主張非買賣當事人而不負賣方責任。
  • ② 若 SHANDONG 未經認許或廣旭未清楚揭露代理身分,廣旭可能被視為交易相對人或須負代理/表見責任,不能單以代理商抗辯免責。
  • ③ 餅乾有效期限將屆已於 e-mail 告知,契約不當然無效;售貨確認書未重載不必然構成詐欺或重大錯誤。
  • ④ 損害賠償抗辯:買方明知有效期限仍購買並轉售至英國,且變質發生於提貨後三個月與再出口運送期間,應證明瑕疵於風險移轉時已存在。
  • ⑤ FCL/FCL 封條完整但箱數短少,通常較像裝櫃短裝或提單記載問題,不是 ICC(B)承保的外來運輸事故;保險公司拒賠有理由。