中譯英：請將下段中文譯成正確、流暢的英文（20 分） 波音公司曾是美國航空工程的典範，但近年卻成為企業管理失當與監管 鬆散風險的代表。這場危機始於兩起致命的73…

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中譯英：請將下段中文譯成正確、流暢的英文（20 分） 波音公司曾是美國航空工程的典範，但近年卻成為企業管理失當與監管 鬆散風險的代表。這場危機始於兩起致命的737 MAX 空難――分別發 生於2018 年的印尼與2019 年的衣索比亞，共造成346 人喪生。調查指 出，肇事原因主要來自一套有缺陷的自動飛行控制系統（MCAS），更令 人震驚的是，波音未能適當向飛行員與監管機構揭露該系統的風險。後 續調查揭露，波音內部的企業文化過度強調產品快速上市與股東利益， 犧牲了工程品質與安全標準。更嚴重的是，美國聯邦航空總署（FAA） 在飛機審核過程中竟大幅依賴波音自行認證，引發外界對監管機構是否 受到業界壓力、喪失獨立性的深切質疑。

參考解答（AI 生成，非官方）

• Boeing was once a model of American aeronautical engineering, but in recent years it has become a symbol of the risks of corporate mismanagement and lax regulatory oversight. The crisis began with two fatal 737 MAX crashes—in Indonesia in 2018 and in Ethiopia in 2019—which together claimed 346 lives. Investigations indicated that the crashes were mainly caused by a defective automated flight control system known as MCAS; even more alarming, Boeing failed to adequately disclose the risks of the system to pilots and regulators.
• Subsequent investigations revealed that Boeing's corporate culture placed excessive emphasis on bringing products to market quickly and on shareholder interests, at the expense of engineering quality and safety standards. More seriously, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) relied heavily on Boeing's self-certification during the entire aircraft certification process, prompting deep and widespread public concerns about whether the regulator had come under serious industry pressure and ultimately lost its independence.
• 關鍵譯法：aeronautical engineering 譯「航空工程」；corporate mismanagement 譯「企業管理失當」；lax regulatory oversight 譯「監管鬆散」；claimed 346 lives 譯「造成346人喪生」；defective 譯「有缺陷的」；disclose 譯「揭露」；self-certification 譯「自行認證」。MCAS 首次出現可保留縮寫，並補充全名 Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System。
• 中文原句多為「調查指出」「後續調查揭露」等動詞開頭，英文宜用 Investigations indicated that...、Subsequent investigations revealed that... 帶出名詞子句。「更令人震驚的是」可譯 even more alarming；「更嚴重的是」譯 More seriously。「引發外界……質疑」處理為 prompting deep and widespread public concerns about whether...，以 whether 子句保留質疑內容。
• 常見失誤包括把「典範」譯成 standard（偏「標準」），宜用 model 或 paragon；把「監管機構」譯成 monitor，宜用 regulator；把「股東利益」譯成 shareholder benefits，宜用 shareholder interests；把「喪失獨立性」譯成 lost independent，應為 lost its independence。時態以過去式敘述空難與調查，陳述長期文化問題可用過去式或現在完成式。

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