英譯中：請將下段英文譯成正確、流暢的中文（20 分）
Governments, particularly in large democracies, often suffer from institutional
inertia, fragmented communication, and overlapping responsibilities. A
centralized efficiency department could systematically audit agencies,
implement data-driven reforms, and introduce digital tools to reduce
paperwork and improve service delivery. By fostering interdepartmental
coordination and leveraging artificial intelligence, this department could
help ensure that taxpayer money is utilized optimally.
關鍵詞須精準對應：institutional inertia 譯為「制度惰性」，指組織沿襲舊規、難以變革；fragmented communication 譯「溝通零碎化」，強調資訊無法整合；overlapping responsibilities 譯「權責重疊」，即多個機關共管同一事務。centralized efficiency department 可譯「集中化的效率專責部門」，不宜直譯為「中央化效率部」。
英文以三個長句鋪陳問題、對策與效益，中文宜依「問題—做法—目的」重組。第一句保留總說；第二句將 audit、implement、introduce 三個動詞並列，譯成「稽核、推動、導入」；第三句把 By fostering... and leveraging... 轉為「透過促進……及運用……」，並將 help ensure 譯為「協助確保」，避免「幫助保證」的生硬說法。
Boeing was once a model of American aeronautical engineering, but in recent years it has become a symbol of the risks of corporate mismanagement and lax regulatory oversight. The crisis began with two fatal 737 MAX crashes—in Indonesia in 2018 and in Ethiopia in 2019—which together claimed 346 lives. Investigations indicated that the crashes were mainly caused by a defective automated flight control system known as MCAS; even more alarming, Boeing failed to adequately disclose the risks of the system to pilots and regulators.
Subsequent investigations revealed that Boeing's corporate culture placed excessive emphasis on bringing products to market quickly and on shareholder interests, at the expense of engineering quality and safety standards. More seriously, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) relied heavily on Boeing's self-certification during the entire aircraft certification process, prompting deep and widespread public concerns about whether the regulator had come under serious industry pressure and ultimately lost its independence.
中文原句多為「調查指出」「後續調查揭露」等動詞開頭，英文宜用 Investigations indicated that...、Subsequent investigations revealed that... 帶出名詞子句。「更令人震驚的是」可譯 even more alarming；「更嚴重的是」譯 More seriously。「引發外界……質疑」處理為 prompting deep and widespread public concerns about whether...，以 whether 子句保留質疑內容。
常見失誤包括把「典範」譯成 standard（偏「標準」），宜用 model 或 paragon；把「監管機構」譯成 monitor，宜用 regulator；把「股東利益」譯成 shareholder benefits，宜用 shareholder interests；把「喪失獨立性」譯成 lost independent，應為 lost its independence。時態以過去式敘述空難與調查，陳述長期文化問題可用過去式或現在完成式。
參考郵件：
Subject: Invitation to Open an OpenAI Office in Taiwan
Dear OpenAI Team,
I am writing to invite OpenAI to establish an office in Taiwan next year as part of your expanding presence in Asia. As you have reported, South Korea has the second-largest number of paid ChatGPT users after the United States, demonstrating the strong demand for your services across Asia. Taiwan offers a similarly promising environment, with a highly educated workforce, world-class semiconductor and AI industries, and a government committed to digital transformation. A local office would enable OpenAI to collaborate more closely with enterprises, universities, and public agencies, while adapting products and policies to local needs. We would be pleased to facilitate introductions to potential partners and discuss ways to support your investment. I hope you will consider making Taiwan your next regional base.
Sincerely,
[Name]
[Title, Organization]
用語方面，establish an office 比 set up a branch 正式；paid ChatGPT users 宜保留原詞；digital transformation 譯「數位轉型」。字數須控制在 120 至 150 字，句子不宜過長，並以具體理由取代空泛讚美，才能符合應用文評分要點。
英文作文：請根據說明寫一篇約300 字的英文作文（40 分）
Background:
In many developed and developing countries, life expectancy is increasing
while birth rates are declining. This demographic shift means a growing
percentage of the population is over the age of 65, while the working-age
population is shrinking. As a result, fewer workers are supporting more
retirees through taxes, pensions, and healthcare systems.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Governments should
raise the retirement age to address the economic challenges of an aging
population. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
參考解答（AI 生成，非官方）
Governments should raise the retirement age to address the economic challenges of an aging population, but only if the change is gradual and accompanied by supportive labor policies. I agree with the statement because longer life expectancy, labor shortages, and the fiscal burden of pensions make the traditional retirement age increasingly unsustainable. With fertility rates falling, the ratio of workers to retirees is shrinking, putting pressure on public budgets.
First, people are living and staying healthy longer than previous generations. In many developed countries, a person who retires at 65 may spend two decades or more in retirement, while the number of taxpayers supporting each pensioner continues to fall. Raising the retirement age modestly, for example by one or two years over a decade, would keep experienced workers in the labor force and reduce pressure on pension funds without abruptly cutting benefits. This would also preserve tax revenue and consumer demand.
Second, many economies face labor shortages as birth rates decline. Older workers often possess skills, institutional knowledge, and professional networks that cannot be replaced quickly. Countries such as Japan and Germany have encouraged later retirement and flexible work arrangements, allowing older employees to work part-time or mentor younger staff. Such policies can ease labor-market gaps while giving workers more choice about how and when to retire. This not only keeps them financially independent but also transfers valuable experience to younger colleagues.
However, raising the retirement age alone is not enough. Governments must also improve retraining, occupational health, and protections for workers in physically demanding jobs, who may not be able to work longer. A phased, flexible approach—combined with incentives for employers to hire older workers—would make the policy fair and effective. For these reasons, I believe raising the retirement age is a necessary but not sufficient response to population aging.